Basic Grammar Step by Step Second Edition

Mary W. Ng

Chapter 8

Adverbs

An action verb tells us about an action. An adverb tells how, when, where, how often or to what degree an action happens. We say that the adverb modifies the action verb.

She sings sweetly.(how she sings)
The baby slept early.(when the baby slept)
Jane looked up.(where Jane looked)
Vera seldom cries.(how often Vera cries)
I nearly slipped.(to what degree I slipped)

Many adverbs are formed by adding ly to the corresponding adjectives.

AdjectiveAdverb
quickquickly
loudloudly
softsoftly

Here are some spelling rules for adverb formation:

  1. For most adjectives that end in y, change the y to i and add ly.
    AdjectiveAdverb
    happyhappily
    angryangrily

    Some Exceptions:

    AdjectiveAdverb
    shyshyly
    slyslyly
    coycoyly
  2. For most adjectives ending in a consonant plus le, drop the e and add y.
    AdjectiveAdverb
    simplesimply
    horriblehorribly
  3. For most adjectives ending in ic, add ally.
    AdjectiveAdverb
    franticfrantically
    terrificterrifically

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